Twelve Angry Men Plot Essay - 618 Words

Plot: â€Å"Twelve Angry Men† is an interesting and exciting jury-room confrontation in which an quot;open and shut casequot; becomes strenuous as twelve strangers scuffle for answers. The trial involves a nineteen-year-old boy, who is suspect of killing his father in a late-night altercation with an extraordinary knife. His fate now lies in the hands of 12 jurors, each with his own determination to solve the case and reveal the truth. As the session takes its course, evidence becomes scrutinised, tempers rise, and the jury room erupts in a shouting brawl because one such juror finds reasonable doubts in the two testimonies that were deemed credible enough to convict. In his fight for an acquittal, the singled out juror found that the†¦show more content†¦During his re-examination, he provided for the basis of his decision on which he found reasonable doubt in the testimonies. As a result, he proved the timing to be underestimated by several seconds. Nonetheless, he m aintained a subtle poise and composure during the cession, and with such confidence, he asked for a revote. The outcome was successfully manipulated, with the votes now standing at 11 not guilty and 1 guilty. Methods of Persuasion: The methods of persuasion used in the jury session consisted of Davis’s ability to open the others’ eyes to the inconsistencies of the re-examination of the testimonies. It was a real fight to the end, because Davis could have easily given up. He begins by saying that he quot;only wants to talk.quot; He sheds some light on the other jurors when he undermines the testimony of a woman who claimed to have seen the boy. Davis asserts that she could not have seen him at all because time was too short. With the time given, she had to wake up, and put her glasses. They all soon found out that there was not enough time to do so. A neighbor also claimed to have been under the house of the father who and said he heard the murder. Shortly thereafter, the man said he ran outside and saw the boy in a matterShow MoreRelatedTwelve Angry Men Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesIts not easy to stand alone against the ridicule of others. Twelve Angry Men is more than a play, it is a reminder of our social responsibility. Discuss. Twelve Angry Men is a legal drama, written by Reginald Rose during the heightened period of 1950s McCarthyism. The didactic play presents a cross section, examining 1950s America during a period of immense suspicion and uncertainty. Roses play reminds us of the importance of responsibility and integrity, emphasising qualities such as courageRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Juror 3 and Juror 8 from Twelve Angry Men1045 Words   |  5 Pages In the play â€Å"Twelve Angry men†, the story line presents a variety of perspectives and opinions between twelve very different men. Some are more likely to be pointed out as prejudice, and others are more focused on reaching fair justice. 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In The Tempest, Prospero’s brother, Antonio, with the help of his friends Sebastian and Alonso, took over Prospero’s dukedom. He was then sent to a deserted island with just his daughter Miranda for twelve years. Throughout his time on the island, Prospero continued to delve into his magic books. Along with he gaining new knowledge, he attained a servant Caliban, and an indebted spirit, Ariel. For twelve long years onRead MoreTelevision Sci Fi Drama The 1001454 Words   |  6 Pagesyears after a nuclear war wiped out most of the planet. The juveniles were sent down to Earth to see if it was inhabitable again, once their Ark in space, that holds 2,400 from twelve different countries, began running out of air. Upon arriving to Earth, the 100 teens quickly ran into problems with the Grounders, mountain men, reapers, and the city of light that managed to survive the war. The 100 first aired on March 19, 2014 and its director is Jason Rothenberg. Some o f the main actors include ElizaRead MoreThe Rule Of An Unfit Ruler1702 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst him with the King of Naples, Alonso. Prospero still plots a dangerous revenge for the men of Naples whom he had once been alongside. Prospero disregards forgiveness as he followed the theme of revenge throughout the scenes. Miranda, Prospero’s daughter who had been banished upon the island alongside Prospero at the age of three, is aware of her father’s tendency to use his powers for his anger. In an attempt to ensure none of the men get injured, Miranda pleads to Prospero as she says: If byRead MoreStruggles and Tensions in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1437 Words   |  6 Pagesare important for the building of the plot and maintaining the attention of the audience. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson, the main characters of the plays face struggles which move the plot along, while adding anticipation and excitement. 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Homer s The Odyssey and Charles Frazier s Cold Mountain tell of the struggles faced by the man

Strategies in Banking Crisis Example

Essays on Strategies in Banking Crisis Research Paper Strategies in Banking Crisis In 2008, the collapse of the Bear Stearns Companies, Inc. and the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. triggered the so-called banking crisis of 2008-2009. Bear Stearns Companies, Inc. was an investment bank and securities trading and brokerage operating globally whose collapse was brought about by massive failed investment operations whilst the Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. was a financial services firm which primarily dealt with the US Treasury Securities Markets and collapsed mainly because of sustained losses in its subprime lending operations. These two incidents led to the subsequent meltdown of the world market and the bank crisis of 2008-2009. There was a frantic response to the impending bank crisis throughout the banking world. In Iceland, the government took control of the country’s second largest bank Landsbanki. The finance ministers of the European Union decided to augment guarantees of the savings account of bank custome rs to 50,000 euros. At home, the impending banking crisis was met by a government proposal to aid banks through a  £50 billion package that would, in effect, utilise taxpayers’ money to help banks stabilise. This was called the Brown Plan, after Prime Minister Gordon Brown who conceived the plan although by 2009, the government realised that it would be impractical to use taxpayers’ money to foot the banking bailouts. Generally, varied rescue schemes were conceived and implemented throughout the global financial system to alleviate the recent banking crisis, which ranged from long term loans of capital, equity acquisition, bank borrowing guaranteeing, money market funds loans, and other forms of bank aids that were made subject to different conditions (Hutton 2009). Although some rescue schemes were successful when used in certain cases, they, however, failed when implemented in others. The most successful banking rescue that was undertaken in recent years that served as a model to the 2008 banking crisis was the rescue by Sweden of its banking system back in the 1990s. The Swedish banking crisis was triggered by the rapid drop in the value of real estate in the country. Previous to this, there was a marked lending frenzy to the homebuyers sector as real estate values consistently went up as buying and selling of homes flourished. The peak in prices halted these activities, causing the plummeting of real estate values by more than 60%. This affected the Swedish economy and its banking sector, whose assets consisting of real estate collaterals had lost their original value. The government had to step in as the inability of banks to lend began to have a ripple effect on its businesses that had to lay off many workers. The Swedish government intervened to save the day through three approaches: infusing new money into the banking sector; maneuvering the sale of banks w ith devalued assets to other banks, and; nationalising some banks. In addition, the Swedish government decided to favor the depositors over the bank shareholders by guaranteeing deposits and credits but not the shares of the holders, which it allowed to be wiped out through nationalisation of these banks (Dougherty 2008). Sweden’s move to protect its citizens but not shareholders gained it the support of taxpayers to utilise taxpayers’ money to aid the ailing banking sector. In addition, the Swedish was cautious and discriminatory in extending its help to banks. First, it undertook an extensive review of bank records to find out which banks were still solvent and which were not. For still solvent banks, the Swedish government extended financial aid through recapitalisation but in exchange for government equity with the banks. On the other hand, non-solvent banks were nationalised. For the nationalised banks to gain investor confidence, the government sold their undervalued assets to other banks. Finally, Swedish intervention in the banking system especially in nationalising two banks compelled other banks to find ways to regain their stock so as to prevent their being subjected to the same since nationalisation implied wiping out shareholders’ interests. This was the case of SEB, the largest bank in Sweden, the majority shares of which was owned by the Wallenbergs. The Wallenbergs entered into recapitalisation activities on their own in fear of government intervention resulting in the bank’s turning a profit the year after. When the Swedish banking sector finally stabilised, the government which had by then already owned a large equity in banks moved to make the banks public again retaining only a meager 19.9 of one of the banks it nationalised – the Nordea, now viewed as one of the biggest banks in the Baltic region (Dougherty 2008). In the light of the banking crisis that struck the world as a consequence of the collapse of the Bears Stearns Companies, Inc. and the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc in 2008, the Swedish intervention in its banking sector became a model in many countries experiencing the crisis. At home, the government immediately announced a plan in October 2008 to use taxpayers’ money to bailout banks who were reeling from the banking crisis. Conceived by PM Gordon Brown, the plan involved the use of  £50 billion rescue package doled out to banks in exchange for government equity, in effect nationalising them (Government to Unveil Bank Rescue). As a matter of fact, the first UK rescue plan looked similar to the Swedish model as it used banking strategies like nationalisation, increased deposit insurance, guaranteeing or buying back bad debts, injecting capital and ring fencing bad assets (Bank Failures and Rescues). In February 2009, however, it was reported that the initial Brown Plan failed to turn around the banking system together with the country’s economy and the government was poised to launch another bank rescue plan to the tune of  £14 billion. The failure of the initial banking strategy is encapsulated by Royal Bank of Scotland’s announcement of loss of about  £28billion, possible retrenchment and sale of assets worth billions to ease its condition. Northern Rock, another British bank, which had undergone nationalisation last year much like the way Sweden nationalised two of its banks, including Nordea, in the 1990s, has not met much success either. The previous year had seen it reducing its mortgage book as it largely engaged much of its assets in repaying debts it owed to its depositors. Incidentally, the nationalisation of the bank likewise involved non-reimbursement of shares of its stockholders (Porter 2009). Last October 2009, records revealed that the economy has shrunk even more by 0.4pc for the months of July, August and September which led some authorities to declare that the Brown Plan was a failure, making it the sixth time in a row that the economy has contracted. This, despite the earlier mentioned infusion of capital into the banking sector like the  £47 billion into the RBS and the Lloyds Banking Group in October of last year (Britain Still in Recession: Gordon Browns Rescue Plan Accused of Failure). The Swedish experience in intervening with its banking sector in the 1990s and the present experience of UK in extending a series of rescue package to its ailing banking sector show that there is no one banking strategy that could work for all kinds of banking conditions. The success of the Swedish model was not shared by the UK model for whilst the Swedish banks responded positively to the firm intervention of the government through recapitalisation and nationalisation, the UK banks failed to show that they are taking the same direction that the former took after the government implemented, more or less, the same strategies as the Swedish government during their own banking crisis. The clear implication in these two cases is that perhaps, in approaching banking crisis, financial managers must also take into consideration other factors that are inherent in their own system but are not present in the others. References: Bank Failures and Rescues. Citizendium. http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Bank_failures_and_rescues/Addendum Britain Still in Recession: Gordon Browns Rescue Plan Accused of Failure. Telegraph.uk. 23 October 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/recession/6415120/Britain-still-in-recession-Gordon-Browns-rescue-plan-accused-of-failure.html Dougherty, Carter. Stopping a Financial Crisis, the Swedish Way. 22 September 2008. World Business. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/23/business/worldbusiness/23krona.html?_r=1 Government to Unveil Bank Rescue. BBC News. 7 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7657422.stm Hutton, Will. Gordon Brown Backs Radical Plan to Transform Global Banking System. The Observer. Guardian.co.uk. 8 November 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/nov/08/gordon-brown-tobin-tax-plan Morris, Nigel. Brown Launches Another Bank Rescue Plan. The Independent. 23 February 2009. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brown-launches-another-bank-rescue-plan-1629330.html Porter, Andrew. Desperate Gordon Brown plans  £500billion bank gamble. Telegraph.uk. 22 February 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/4782828/Desperate-Gordon-Brown-plans-500billion-bank-gamble.html

Salinity Experiment Essay Example For Students

Salinity Experiment Essay Salinity ExperimentAimTo determine a method of measuring a soil samples salinity level in order to measure 3 samples salinity level. HypothesisI think that by running a current through a salt solution and measuring the resultant amperage, a pattern in the recordings will help find a soil samples salinity level. VariablesControlled Amount of solution (100 mL), supplied voltage (4V), amount of soil (50 gm) water (150 mL) in soil samples solution. Independent Amps recorded by ammeter. Uncontrollable Impurities dissolved into water. MaterialsPower pack; copper electrodes; ammeter; 8 different concentrations of salt solution (NaCl) 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mols; beakers; filter papers; funnel; wires; retort stand; scales; 3 soil samples; distilled water. Method1) Pour 100 mL of 0.1 mol NaCl solution onto beaker, place electrodes in solution and run 4V through the circuit as shown in the following diagram2) Record amperage from ammeter. 3) Repeat steps 1 2 for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mols NaCl solution. 4) Observe results for a pattern linking salt level and amperage. 5) Mix soil and water to dissolve salt from soil. 6) Filter mixture to remove soil. 7) Run current through sample as in step 1. 8) Record amperage. 9) Repeat steps 5-8 for other soil samples. 10) Compare these results to the previous results to find salinity levels of dirt samples. ResultsTable of Results for NaCl solutions. Concentration (mols)Amperage (mA)0.1850.51151.01501.52002.02302.52953.03703.5425Graph of results for NaCl solutions. Table of results for soil samplesSample IDAmperage (mA)1 In front of science room402 Oval103 Backyard15Explanation of ResultsThe amperage of the soil samples is very low compared to that of the NaCl solutions. This means that there is very little to no traces of salt in the chosen soil samples.

Livery of Tesco Essay Example

Livery of Tesco Essay Logos help the business to attract customer attention, let the people know about the company, allow customers to identify their best company. For example the log off Tesco is recognised around the worlds, because Tesco stores are in almost every part of the world, Tesco uses the same log for all its stores. We all have different likes and dislikes; another individual may dislike the logo, which is liked by one individual. Uniforms:  A uniform is a set of distinguishing, clothing worn to identify the wearer as a member of a particular organisation, school, and bank. Tesco staff wears unique clothing which makes them stand out from the crowd meaning from other business.  Packaging:  Packaging is a container or wrapper for a consumer product that help a number of object including protection and descriptions of the ingredients. Packaging is also becoming a useful way of communicating between the business and the customers. Tesco use a number of different packaging as shown below comprise with different colours making it easy for customers to recognise the Tesco product from its competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Livery of Tesco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Livery of Tesco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Livery of Tesco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Packaging can be used to attract customer attention, for example if company packaging is attractive and good, it will help the customer to pick the product as a trusted brand, when the customer is surrounded by the competitors products in the market. Packaging can also be used successfully to promote sales. Some people may not like the packaging of the business from they is buying the product, in their opinion the packaging may not be good at. Strapline:  A strapline is a phrase or an advertisement slogan used by the company to draw attention to the product or to inform the customer we are providing the product or service you are after. The reason for using strapline is that the slogan or the word will be associated with the particular business. Every time when the Tesco advertise on the TV, Radio they use different strapline to get people attention for example food advert Every Little Helps. This slogan basically says to its customers even if you have little money on you can shop in Tesco. Tesco starpline have helped them to attract more customers; I can explain this by giving one example like when customer do not have enough money on them, they still can go and buy the products in Tesco. Although Tesco products are cheap compared to its competitors but Tesco products are of good quality. Livery:  A livery is a corporate colours scheme used by business on all their delivery vehicles, packaging and promotions. Usually every business has its own livery corporate colours (livery) so that the business can be stand out from other business.  Tesco colour scheme is mostly red and blue. The reason why Tesco always use the combination of red and blue, to show this vehicle or particular branch belong to Tesco. This is another way of corporate communication. Almost every one knows the Livery of Tesco, because all of their vehicles use Livery. Some livery may not be eye catching to grab customer attention. Livery of Tesco: Few companies will relate their business with a famous celiberity or presentationalty to get a message across. It is a fact that people are likely to buy products more if the famous celebrity is using the same product in the advert or in the life. For example the Gillet razor, company used David Backhem, famous football player, to prmote their product. However the celebrity has to be chosen carefully so that the advert can put the message across before the advert is disliked by the public. After all the public is the main people who will be using the products or services. Some people may not like the celebrity who is doing the advert for partiular product for that reason customer may not buy the product. Tesco has used Dotty Turnbull, she helped Tesco become Britains biggest supermarket chain in 2006. This logo is about the recruitment opportunities in Tesco. Tesco is the store, which is giving the chance to everyone to work for a Tesco, regardless of an individual religion, ethnicity background, or any thing else, which prevents any one to get a job. Tesco is providing the chance to everyone to work for a Tesco. Sponsorship:  Through research on Tesco I came to know that Tesco also sponsors large companies to make other organisations aware of the business. They can create a positive image by doing this. It is important to keep this in mind that in order for sponsorship to be effective; it should be at the same level as Tesco. After reading on bbc.co.uk / business, I found out that Tesco and British cycling both came together to sponsor the cycling club. Tesco and British cycling club sponsor one of the largest cycling clubs, which allows Tesco and British cycling to get involved with many people from all backgrounds and communities. This sponsorship is part of Tescos ongoing commitment to help the children of UK to get healthier and fit. Such a sponsorship allows Tesco to be publicised in a positive manner. On-line activity: All big organisations like Tesco have their website because having website allow the customers to see all the products and services business is providing. Tesco website is www.tesco.com, by going on to this website customer will be able to see all kind of products, services, and special offers Tesco is providing in particular period without leaving their house. The main advantage of having website is that it can be accessed at any time form any part of the world. Most of the businesses also use their websites to promote their business such as by giving discount, or vouchers. Tesco has online shopping facility, which makes the life of some customers very easy due to their busy working life. This saves customers time. Tesco also have introduced club card point, which makes customers to shop more, the benefit of using card is that more times the customer shop with Tesco, the more points they are likely to collect on their card. Public Relations:  Tesco use recycling as to get the all the public together, this will also improve the image of Tesco. Tesco recycling which helps the environment and also it helps the Tesco to create positive image. Tesco is devoted to reduce the amount of waste produced and to help to recycle it wherever possible. Tesco recently introduced a program for their customer to recycle polythene paper and other consumable items used by Tesco, contains a proportion of recycled materials. This will also helps the customers to earn points on their club card. This will also draw the customer attention to Tesco. Vocabulary:  Tesco uses different kinds of friendly vocabulary that will improve the image of Tesco. Tesco uses friendly and quickly understandable vocabulary in promotion. The reason behind this is to ensure that customers understand what Tesco is saying immediately and at the same time eye catching. Tesco always use the words Every Little Helps. The reason for using these words is that Tesco want to distinguish from its competitors. Businesses using special words when they promote the products will also helps the customer to know this product or service this business is providing. For example Sainsbury always use the words on their adverts Try something new today. This is to help customers know what Sainsburys is providing. Tescos choice of words will get the customers attention when they use the friendly vocabulary in the promotion. This is because they need to attract potential customers. The more people know about the vocabulary of the business, the better it is for the business.

FIGHTING DISCRIMINATION essays

FIGHTING DISCRIMINATION essays Discrimination is common in all of society. Weather it is intentional or not, people discriminates against each other. It is just a natural thing that humans do because that is the way we are. Discrimination begins in the mind and it is only when we intentionally base our decisions on these prejudices that are wrong. The fight against discrimination has been an ongoing process and in order for us to continue the battle against discrimination, we must understand the different types of discrimination that exists, what causes discrimination, and what can we do to stop it. Types of discrimination exist from your gender to ethnicity, from your status in a society to your preferences in dating. What all these types of discriminations have in common is that it segregates one group from another. You discriminate when you think of someone differently just because they are poorer than you, smarter than you, overweight, too short, looks gay, have different political beliefs. All these are forms of discrimination but the most widely publicized forms of discrimination are racial, ethnic, and gender. Racial discrimination has happened since that late 1800s with slavery. Issues of racial tension between blacks and whites are well known. Ethnic discrimination, for example, against Chinese and Native Americans, occurred there after when minorities immigrated to European lands. Mainly, the fight has always been against the dominant group which was whites. Gender discrimination also occurred when women wanted to be treated equal to men. In this case, the dominant g roup was mainly white men. Women wanted equal rights such that of being able to vote. Discrimination is associated with prejudice. Prejudices are caused when one group thinks they are better than another because they lack the qualities that are similar to a certain group. To feel prejudice and then to discriminate, that is wrong we would think that by now, in the 20th century, that...

Definition and History of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Definition and History of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the  linguistic theory that the semantic structure of a language shapes or limits the ways in which a speaker forms conceptions of the world. It came about in 1929. The theory is named after the American anthropological linguist Edward Sapir (1884–1939) and his student Benjamin Whorf (1897–1941). It is also known as the  theory of linguistic relativity, linguistic relativism, linguistic determinism, Whorfian hypothesis, and Whorfianism. History of the Theory The idea that a persons native language determines how he or she thinks was popular among behaviorists of the 1930s and on until cognitive psychology theories came about, beginning in the 1950s and increasing in influence in the 1960s. (Behaviorism taught that behavior is a result of external conditioning and doesnt take feelings, emotions, and thoughts into account as affecting behavior. Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as creative thinking, problem-solving, and attention.) Author Lera Boroditsky gave some background on ideas about the connections between languages and thought: The question of whether languages shape the way we think goes back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that to have a second language is to have a second soul. But the idea went out of favor with scientists when  Noam Chomskys theories of language gained popularity in the 1960s and 70s. Dr. Chomsky proposed that there is a  universal grammar  for all human languages- essentially, that languages dont really differ from one another in significant ways....  (Lost in Translation. The Wall Street Journal, July 30, 2010) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was taught in courses through the early 1970s and had become widely accepted as truth, but then it fell out of favor. By the 1990s, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was left for dead, author Steven Pinker wrote. The cognitive revolution in psychology, which made the study of pure thought possible, and a number of studies showing meager effects of language on concepts, appeared to kill the concept in the 1990s... But recently it has been resurrected, and neo-Whorfianism is now an active research topic in  psycholinguistics. (The Stuff of Thought. Viking, 2007) Neo-Whorfianism is essentially a weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and says that language  influences  a speakers view of the world but does not inescapably determine it. The Theorys Flaws One big problem with the original Sapir-Whorf hypothesis stems from the idea that if a persons language has no word for a particular concept, then that person would not be able to understand that concept, which is untrue.  Language doesnt necessarily control humans ability to reason or have an emotional response to something or some idea. For example, take the German word  sturmfrei, which essentially is the feeling when you have the whole house to yourself because your parents or roommates are away. Just because English doesnt have a single word for the idea doesnt mean that Americans cant understand the concept. Theres also the chicken and egg problem with the theory. Languages, of course, are human creations, tools we invent and hone to suit our needs,  Boroditsky continued. Simply showing that speakers of different languages think differently doesnt tell us whether its language that shapes thought or the other way around.

Measuring Marketing Performance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Measuring Marketing Performance - Assignment Example There is not a single measure that is best for measuring marketing performance but three very famous measures of marketing performance are return on investment, comparison of marketing cost with result, and brand knowledge.Marketing Return on Sale:Marketing return on sale is an important measure of marketing performance and determines that how efficient the firm is. It provides the deeper understanding of impact that organization has on its profits due to marketing strategies. It is a percent of net sale attributable to the net marketing contribution. The higher marketing return on sale of current year as compare to prior year describe the positive performance of marketing (Ambler, Kokkinaki, &Puntoni, 2004).Compare the Cost of Marketing Activities with Results:Marketers use the revenues - that are the result of marketing program - as a measure of marketing performance. For example marketing programs like direct mailing and advertising develop contacts and some contacts has higher va lue as compare to others that depends on the number of responses. Marketing department compare the cost spent on each contact with the value of the result. If the marketing program results in increasing numbers of orders and generates greater revenue on per order then the marketing performance will be considered good (Srinivasan &Hanssens, 2009).Marketing department is liable to make people understand that why the brand exists in market, how it is different from others, and what values it can deliver.

Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance - Assignment Example joint venture. Sainsbury’s offers food and non-food items at its supermarkets and convenience stores along with that it also operate online grocery store and general merchandise operations. Sainsbury operates almost 1106 stores that includes 583 supermarkets and 523 convenience stores. Company also holds interest in freehold and long lease hold properties and also the properties that come under their joint venture agreements. In its financial services sectors it provides credit cards, insurance, loans and savings advices also relating to energy efficiency at customer homes. Sainsbury also provides selection of movies, music, books, games and other entertainment products (Yahoo, 2013). Sainsbury’s holds almost 18% share of the UK supermarket and is the second largest supermarket chain in the country. Despite the fact that Sainsbury is the UK’s second largest supermarket chain it is the returns that the company offers that would attract the investors and the share towards the company not the quality of the services or the size of company itself. In order to understand how much value is given or created by the Sainsbury to its shareholders and investors it is important that analysis of it’s incomes, returns that it offers, its operations, liquidity position and the growth that it offers in the future is thoroughly made. Thus to get the full understanding cash flow analysis along with its income statement is made to have idea about its liquidity position. Both inflow and outflow of cash in the company is assured through three different activities that the company goes through operating, investing and financing. All three activities of Sainsbury are discussed as follow. Over the past three years Sainsbury’s Plc. have been reporting net income however as analysis of its profit margins are done it is seen that in the current period its profit margins re lagging behind to that of the industry average. It can be said that the company is

Happiness Found in Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde Essay Example for Free

Happiness Found in Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde Essay Most heroism deals with promotion of virtue and reproach of vice. Sloughing off from such a hackneyed, yet widely used frame of thought, the novel ‘The Happy Prince’ (1888) by Oscar Wilde connects heroism with compassion. With a subconscious reminiscent between ‘courage’ and ‘hero’, compassion is generally not a primary association with a strong image of a hero. Oscar Wilde however, through utilization of ‘the happy prince’ as a mechanism, conveys the idea of compassion and sacrifice which consists of happiness and beauty under a plot of heroism. The compassion felt by the Happy Prince can be distinguished in two levels of analysis: on himself and on the poor. The Happy Prince, once a real prince who lived within absolute extravagance, had a life far from poverty, hunger or servility. Upon encountering the inferior reality of civilian faces after becoming a statue, the Happy Prince expresses his compassion on himself by saying: â€Å"My courtiers called me the Happy Prince, and happy indeed I was, if pleasure be happiness. (5)This distinction indicates the realization of the Happy Prince on the difference between aesthetic happiness and materialistic pleasure. It also foreshadows the displacement of the Happy Prince’s compassion from his own past self to the poor, which causes heroic action by the Happy Prince. The jewels sent by the Happy Prince to the poor in the novel are not just simple sapphires or gold. Rather, they are ‘true’ jewels resulted from self compassion. Such open-mindedness of the Happy Prince allows him to be penitent for his past misdeeds and sacrifice himself to supplement such faults, which resulted in promotion of the common good. History tells us that those who are titled as ‘leaders’ sacrifice themselves for others. Regardless of how much sacrifice they burden, all leaders have a certain extent of private loss to yield common welfare. Similarly, the story ‘The Happy Prince’ also depicts heroism based on sacrifice. In the novel, the Happy Prince, having beauty as a single reason for its production, sacrifices himself to the non haves on the streets by distributing his jewels through the help of a sparrow. Since the purpose for its existence diminishes, the mayor of the city eventually destroys the statue of the Happy Prince. The point Oscar Wilde makes at this part is that action for others with sincerity and truthfulness overwhelms the loss one gets through such action. As Erich Fromm, a German philosopher wrote in his book, ‘To Have or To Be’, property without purpose loses the value of it and absence with a purpose is more valued than its presence. Having firm belief on his action, the Happy Prince was able to practice his heroism. Mother Theresa said she lived a happy life. Her ‘happy life’, Mother Theresa said, seems to overlap with the life the Happy Prince lived as a statue. They both gave everything they had for others and earned happiness as exchange. Compassion and sacrifice may be a true key to opening a treasure box full of happiness and beauty.

Baldwins Stepfather in Notes to a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

The Effects on a Narrative Son From His Stepfather In order to effectively analyze something, it is necessary to thoroughly examine and discuss the subject. James Baldwin does this in his essay â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† by describing his experiences growing up with his stepfather while weaving in discussion. Baldwin’s comments during these breaks in his stories draw conclusions and generalizations about himself, his relationship with his father, and its influence on James Baldwin. He uses this analysis to discover and help the audience understand how he was and is affected by his stepfather. Baldwin’s stepfather was very quiet and remote in his relationships with his children. In his essay, Baldwin presents many stories portraying examples of this which all appear early on in the essay. One of the most important stories about his childhood with his stepfather is when they walk back home from church and have their only meaningful conversation together. Baldwin writes that the opportunities in America are â€Å"thicker† than any other place and as a result of this â€Å"the generation has no time to talk to the first†(63). Unlike this observation by Baldwin, his stepfather didn’t avoid contact with the world because of the available opportunities. Instead, Baldwin’s stepfather kept himself away from his children and the world because of his immense anger and hatred. Baldwin remembers his father â€Å"sitting at the window, locked up in his terrors; hating and fearing every living soul including his children who had betrayed him, to o, by reaching towards the world which had despised him†(66). James Baldwin’s stepfather feels extremely rejected by the world and as a result hates everything in it and in contact with it. He feels betra... ...s to be hatred, as described in earlier passages but in this case Baldwin shows that they are ultimately caused by pride. Baldwin uses his narration and analysis to realize that although he ignored his father during his childhood, he could have benefitted by learning something from his warnings. In the final sentence of the essay Baldwin writes, â€Å"I wished that he had been beside me so that I could have searched his face for the answers which only the future would give me now† (84). Baldwin realizes that through similar experiences he and his stepfather have learned much about the world. He wishes that he could still learn from his stepfather but knows that he must now rely on his future experiences. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Financial Markets Test with Multiple Choice Questions Essay

Class Test 1 (Sample Items) Choose the most correct response. Record your answer on the mark sense sheet provided. Each answer is worth  ½ mark. QUESTION 1 All else equal, a binding price floor will cause less of a surplus if: (a)both supply and demand are inelastic (b)both supply and demand are elastic (c)supply is elastic, but demand is inelastic (d)supply is inelastic, but demand is elastic QUESTION 2 The figure shows the market for books before and after an excise tax is introduced. The tax on books is ________, buyers pay ______ of tax per book, and the governments tax revenue is ________ a week. (a) $0.40 a book; $0.40; $4 (b) $1.20 a book; $0.80; $128 (c) $0.80 a book; $1.20; $12 (d) $1.20 a book; $0.80; $12 QUESTION 3 If the minimum wage is set below the equilibrium wage rate, (a) a labour shortage occurs. (b) there is no change in the quantity of labour employed. (c) the short-run labour supply curve becomes more elastic. (d) a labour surplus occurs. QUESTION 4 If honey is measured on the vertical axis, and jam on the horizontal axis, the marginal rate of substitution: (a) is the rate at which the consumer has to give up honey if more jam is to be bought, given their relative prices. (b) is the rate at which the consumer has to give up jam if more honey is to be bought, given their relative prices. (c) is the rate at which the consumer is willing to give up honey in order to get more jam, and be as satisfied as he or she was before. (d) is the rate at which the consumer is willing to give up honey in order to get more jam and be better off than he or she was before. QUESTION 5 At the best affordable point: (a) the budget line intersects an indifference curve. (b) the marginal rate substitution of x for y is exactly equal to 1. (c) the marginal rate of substitution of x for y is equal to the relative price of x in terms of y (that is, ) (d) the difference between the marginal rate of substitution of x for y and the relative price of x is at a maximum. QUESTION 6 Stuart, who loves seafood, says, ‘I can’t really tell the difference between Sydney rock oysters and Pacific oysters. They taste equally delicious to me; I just buy a dozen of whichever is cheaper every week.’ In terms of marginal utility theory, Stuart thinks: (a) the marginal utility per dollar spent on Sydney rock oysters is equal to the marginal utility per dollar spent on Pacific oysters. (b) the marginal utility he gets from Sydney rock oysters is greater than that from Pacific oysters, but Pacific oysters are cheaper. (c) the marginal utility he gets from Pacific oysters is greater than that from Sydney rock oysters, but  Sydney rock oysters are cheaper. (d) the marginal utility he gets from Sydney rock oysters is equal to that from Pacific oysters, and so whichever oyster has a lower price gives him a higher marginal utility per dollar spent. QUESTION 7 According to the marginal utility theory of consumer choice, rational consumers will spend their money with the aim of: (a) maximizing the total utility they get from their limited income. (b) maximizing the marginal utility they get from each good. (c) equalizing the marginal utility they get from different goods. (d) maximizing the amount they save out of their limited income. QUESTION 8 A firm’s production function refers to: (a) the maximum quantity of output that it can produce within a given period. (b) the maximum revenue it can earn from various levels of output. (c) the maximum output that can be produced from various quantities of inputs. (d) the minimum cost of producing various levels of output. QUESTION 9 When marginal cost is rising, average total cost: (a) will necessarily be rising. (b) will necessarily be falling. (c) may be rising or falling, depending on whether marginal cost is greater or less than average total cost. (d) may be rising or falling, depending on whether marginal cost is greater or less than average variable cost. QUESTION 10 Which of the following reflects the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution? As we continually increase labour one unit at a time, (a) the addition to output will become larger, if capital is held constant. (b) the addition to output will become smaller, if capital is held constant. (c) larger reductions in capital will be required to keep output constant. (d) smaller reductions in capital will be required to keep output constant. (e) larger increases in labour will be required to keep output constant. QUESTION 11 The least cost technique of producing a given output occurs where the marginal rate of substitution of labour for capital equals the (a) ratio of the quantity of labour used relative to the quantity of capital used. (b) ratio of the price of labour to the price of capital. (c) minimum point on the isoquant line. (d) marginal cost of capital (e) ratio of the marginal cost of capital to the marginal cost of labour. QUESTION 12 A perfectly competitive firm’s supply curve is the upward-sloping part of its (a) average product curve, at all points above the point of minimum average variable cost. (b) marginal cost curve, at all points above the point of minimum average fixed cost. (c) marginal revenue curve, at all points above the point of minimum average revenue. (d) marginal revenue curve, at all points above the point of minimum average total cost. (e) marginal cost curve, at all points above the point of minimum average variable cost. QUESTION 13 For the monopolist facing a downward sloping demand, the marginal revenue  never exceeds the price because (a) the producers of substitutes keep the price low. (b) the monopolist must lower the price in order to sell more during any given period of time. (c) the monopoly will be a large corporation with high fixed costs. (d) the monopoly must accept the marginal revenue set by the market as a whole. (e) the monopoly has low marginal cost relative to a competitive firm. QUESTION 14 The table gives the demand schedule for water bottled by Wanda’s Healthy Waters, a single-price monopoly. If the marginal cost is a constant $4 a bottle, Wanda’s will produce _______ a day and charge ____ a bottle. (a) 3 bottles; $7 (b) 4 bottles; $6 (c) 5 bottles; $5 (d) 1 bottle; $9 QUESTION 15 The table below gives the demand and supply schedule for biscuits. The government now levies a $3 tax on biscuit. As a result, the price of a packet of biscuits will increase to ____ and the tax revenue collected is ____. (a) $12; $160 a week (b) $12; $300 a week (c) $13; $160 a week (d) $13; $240 a week Price ($ per packet) Quantity demanded (packets / week) Quantity supplied (packets / week) QUESTION 16 Excess capacity in monopolistically competitive firms is described by the fact that (a) each firm faces a demand that is perfectly elastic. (b) each firms builds a huge plant. (c) the existence of slightly differentiated products serving almost the same purpose causes a waste of precious natural resources. (d) firms produce at an output that is less than the output associated with their minimum average total cost. (e) marginal cost is too high. QUESTION 17 When the economic profit is negative in an industry that is monopolistically competitive, then (a) firms will enter the industry and produce better products. (b) firms will exit the industry, and the demand will increase for the products of the firms that remain. (c) firms will exit the industry, and the demand will decrease for those firms that remain in the industry. (d) firms will enter the industry and the demand will become more elastic for those firms that were originally in the industry. (e) the industry will eventually disappear. QUESTION 18 If the electricity commission in Queensland practises perfect price discrimination: (a) its marginal cost curve and its demand curve are identical. (b) its marginal revenue curve and its demand curve are identical. (c) its marginal revenue curve lies below its demand curve. (d) its marginal revenue curve lies above its demand curve. (e) none of the above.

Sub Prime Crisis

imeContent Page Sub prime crisis http://banking. about. com/od/mortgages/a/mortgagecrisis. htm http://www. lewrockwell. com/rozeff/rozeff203. html http://www. slideshare. net/satanic/subprime-crisis-presentation-785636 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Causes_of_the_2007%E2%80%932012_global_financial_crisis http://www. investopedia. com/articles/economics/09/lehman-brothers-collapse. asp http://ezinearticles. com/? Merrill-Lynch-and-the-Subprime-Mortgage-Market&id=1600761 http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=kb6g3S4scy4 http://moneymorning. com/2008/09/22/credit-default-swaps-2/ ttp://money. cnn. com/2008/09/16/news/companies/aig_questions/index. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Credit_rating_agencies_and_the_subprime_crisis Discuss the cause of the Sub-Prime crisis and the parties responsible for causing such a crisis. There were different complex factors that may have contributed to the Sub-prime crisis during 2008-2009. They were easily associated with the investment banks and governm ent sponsored enterprise, such as Fannie Mae, on how to have dealt with their liquidity issues and Subprime mortgage loans that got them back-fired.One of the largest contributors to the expansion of the high-risk-loans was Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. When majority of the banks first started off with low credit interest and easy conditions loans, property was seen as an appreciating asset. Banks offered adjustable-rate-mortgage (ARMs) and Subprime loans to all kind of people with good or bad credits scores as they wanted higher revenue when they resell the bundled subprime mortgages called the Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and Mortgages-backed securities (MBS) to the other Investors around the world.The subprime crisis had shaken Northern Rock bank so badly that they had a hard time seeking help to keep the business going. The British banks Lloyds TSB group Plc had bought over HBOS Plc whom is the largest mortgage loans lenders. Bradford & Bingley took control over by UK Go vernment while their branches were taken over by Spain’s Santander. Germany struggled to save Hypo Real Estate while Nomura Holdings Inc was being bought over by Lehman’s franchise in many countries such as Europe, Asia Pac, Japan and Australia.The Crisis caused shockwaves and sent panic to the other neighbouring countries causing shares to drop sharply over a short period of time. Commercial Banks, investment banks, investors and people suffered great losses resulting in certain foreclosure or even bankruptcy. Large amount of loan was also taken from hedge funds to assist banks that are falling apart. When banks fell from its former glory, tons of people lost their jobs and banks became more cautions when dealing with any loans to business, properties or even to other banks.Traditionally, banks would go deep into analysing every single loan applicant, from their credit scores, to their employment details, net disposable income and even to check their ability to pay of f their mortgage loans before financing the applicant with sufficient funds to purchase their desirable property. Thorough checks had to be done before granting them with the loans as some of the applicants that came forward may have high probabilities of defaulting their loan or would leave for other competitions for loan which would eventually cause a property downturn in the market.These methods were often the safest choice but banks were restricted to their growth. The traditional methods were soon discarded by the newer generations. Hence, the newer generation were willing to take higher risk loans for higher revenues. Assuming that prices for property continue to appreciate, they would be enjoying higher profits thus willingly offered larger amount of loans at low interest rates to the borrowers. Before subprime mortgage was implemented, prime mortgages were sold to banks investors which they would bundle them up as CDOs and sell it to outside investors after securitising it.S ecuritization became a demand as it provides the opportunity for rating agencies to rate, or in another words to repackage or beautify those poor credit score investment assets from the collateral pool into AAA grade credit score investment assets. Investors whom are not well versed with these bundled subprime mortgages called the CDO were exposed to high risk investment unknowingly as they assumed that what they were handling was a group of people who have good credit scores.As banks at wallstreets began to greed, mortgage underwriting standards de-proved during this period where the banks failed in these 3 sectors; Failure to examine if the borrowers is able to repay the amount, implemented automated loan approval (which allows users to get through even without proper documentations) and fabricating information or fraud by both banks and applicants. This simply showed how devious and irresponsible the banks were when they try to gain huge profits through the loopholes of the poor standard mortgage underwritings over a short period of time.Studies showed that the difference between normal prime mortgage interests declined greatly comparing to subprime mortgages as Subprime mortgages offer better returns than the normal prime mortgages. The rise of the property increase greatly until the subprime mortgages began to default; after repaying of the first two years, Federal interest rate rose and adjusted. Subprime loaners soon encounter difficulties in refinancing their houses due to ARMs, which eventually led to foreclosure after a few warning letters.As the bank investors included Subprime mortgages, which are defaulted, in the CDOs they are dealing to the outside investors. The outside investors soon suffer losses as the CDOs became worthless over a short period of time and U. S property’s prices dipped as more foreclosure occurred. Economy was affected as few of these U. S. banks such as e. g. Peter Lehman which was refused by the Federal government to be bail out; Bear Stearns, an investment bank, which was acquired by J. P. Morgan Chase lost US$1. billion; Washington Mutual was closed by the US Government their assets was bought over by J. P Morgan Chase. With reference to President Obama speech on his take on banks â€Å"Too big to fail†, â€Å"The American people who are already struggling in their own right were forced to rescue financial firms facing crisis largely of their own creation†. The actual meaning of such is that the tax payers have become the safety net of the financial institutions which went into crisis and the tax payers are paying off their debt on behalf of them.President Obama also states that banks should not use tax payer’s money to trade for profit or abuse the funds coming from the tax payers as subsidy for investment. It is unfair to those tax payers as it will cause conflict of interest between the bank’s and the customers. President Obama also said that the Americans have to cut down on their luxuries to help in this crisis. The parties that are responsible for the crisis are, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers Investment Bank, Merrill Lynch & Co and AIG. Bear Stearns used to be a conservative firm and see conservation as a defensive move.Eventually, they are discovered of risking the hedge funds for higher turn-over which they miscalculated investing huge amount (without setting aside a sum for event risk) in CDOs and insuring Credit default swaps (CDS) bonds in a short period of time and the cash back was too slow for them to have a turnover in time of crisis which brought them to their failure. To put it in a simpler way, they purchase CDOs that are deemed to be rated â€Å"AAA† by rating firms, sells them to investing banks (usually in bundles and at the cheaper rates) and then again sells them to investors.This allows the bank to free itself from the principles and interests they are getting for the borrowers gaining lump sum from the investor s, called Mortgage backed securities. The CDS bonds works with 3 parties which are the CDS buyer, the bond issuer and the CDS seller. Assuming that if bond defaults when the CDS issuer is unable to pay back the principle and the interests at the maturity date, the CDS buyer may pay a certain amount of interest to the CDS seller (for instances, Bear Stearns) to purchase a CDS as an insurance for the invested amount.Therefore, if the bond issuer is unable to pay up, the CDS buyer that made his purchase of CDS with the CDS seller will be compensated by the CDS Seller. This strategy is known as the absolute return strategy, if everything flows smoothly and economic continues to boom, which was not the case. Problem began to arise when the subprime mortgages didn’t work out and property value dipped tremendously. When the property price dipped, Bear Stearns managers realised that they do not have sufficient funds to protect the losses.It’s a domino effect when public was en lightened of Bear Stearns crisis. They started selling the bonds at lower price to fund their losses and more bonds are sold when they realise that the losses increase exponentially causing the price of the subprime bonds to drop tremendously and eventually led to the down fall of Bear Stearns. Soon after the downfall of Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers filed the largest amount of debt throughout the history, debt of $619 Billion dollars. As the U.S government refuses to bail them out, Lehman Brother, one of the few largest banks in U. S. faces their downfall and sent 25,000 Americans jobless. This tremor caused by Bear Stearns directly result in the decreasing value of CDOs prices day by day. CDS bond causes banks to fail as more and more defaults are happening. Subsequently, it led to the bank liquidity issues and went into a credit crunch while being unable to sell their CDOs to sufficiently assist the losses they face.Lehman’s stocks plunged as investors pull out on them and their liquidity pool depletes. Lehman then tries to sell their firm to prevent further losses but potential partners turned them down as such, led to their bankruptcy. Right after the downfall of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers Investment Bank, Merrill Lynch & Co followed up, facing the crisis as they are into generating commissions, subprime loans, CDOs and such which are similar with what Bear Stearns and Lehman brother dealt with.On top with what they are dealing with, they took an extra path by providing loans to investors for the purchase of their bundle of CDOs right after they have been securitized. Some of the CDOs are even brought over from nonbank institutions and sent for a much risky asset backed securitization (ABS), before providing more loans to the investors for the purchase of the bond. This was also the reason why Merrill Lynch was able to survive as they are the most aggressive when dealing with subprime market.Merrill was the investment banks that make the high est amount of loans to any nonbanks as long as they sell the mortgages to Merrill eventually. Before Merrill falls, they actually tried to get Bear Stearns to pay them back the $850 million from the hedge funds which Bear loans hoping to make a turn over. However, the hedge funds collapsed and started the economic crisis. It was when Lehman brothers was still struggling, the government refuses to bail them out but instead requested The Bank of America to buy over Merrill Lynch as they see them both a potential assistance to the subprime crisis.Merging Merrill Lynch and Bank of American, it made them the ninth largest corporation in the world and presently called the Bank of American Merrill Lynch. American International Group Inc (AIG) was the largest insurance company that grew aggressively in U. S. The problems arise when AIG started to lose money in the investment they dealt with like CDOs, CDS, Pool of subprime mortgages and pool of Alt-A mortgages. Without a doubt they were ear ning a huge amount of premium incomes from their invested products, they came crashing when the prices of the properties falls.Increasing rate of foreclosure and amount of the loan pools it had insured cannot be leveraged and realized that their company do not have enough money for pay-outs. The Securities and Exchange Commission also found out that AIG had got low integrity as they shifted from the main balance sheet to the off balance sheet to cover up the problem. There weren’t transparency as the company tries to move or shift the amount that was supposed to be shown on the main balance sheet to the written off balance sheet, abusing the loopholes of the off balance sheet to beautify the main ones.They suffered the largest amount of losses when the rating firm’s such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investors Service and Fitch Ratings Inc lower the company’s rating. AIG was already on the edge of bankruptcy when all the counterparties started to d emand for their cash which they do not have. AIG was greedy and irresponsible and failed to assure that there was enough fund to pay-out all the insured parties. The U. S Government cannot let AIG fall as they are one of the largest insurance company, if they were to declare bankrupt, U.S will fall into a financial crisis and the insurance regulator will have to take over the firm and compensate the insured and it would create a tighter credit market for consumers and businesses trying to get loans. Thus, the U. S government cannot allow the economy to go down any further, they will have to use the tax payer’s money as a safety net to bail AIG out. Credit rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s (S&P) have been reprimanded as they are also one of the crucial groups of people that contributed to the subprime crisis.They handled complex securities such as the MBS and CDO which are from the loaners with bad credit scores and rated them highly so it could be sold to the i nvestors. The underrated MBS and CDOs that the investors purchase caused them to suffer great losses. It comes hand in hand, as without the rating agencies doing, the bank would not be able to resell the CDOs and MBS. It was ridiculous as a subprime loaner with a bad credit score can be securitized and rated as AAA ratings. It was also said that part of the revenue that the banks got from selling the CDOs and MBS are shared to the agencies.Competitions happened between different rating agencies as all of the wants to enjoy the high influx of revenue which eventually caused the rating standard to drop tremendously due to the conflict of interests. A source from (from where) also states that due to the low standardization in the ratings from the agencies, the AAA CDOs and MBS that went through securitizations doubled the amount as it used to be. As rating the CDOs and MBS is the rating agencies job, they are not held responsible for the compensations to the investors as ratings, was only a piece of advice from them to make references to.TO sum it up, investment banks was unable to rectify the illusion of how property value would climb continuously thus causing a domino effect that ultimately caused their downfall. When there is rise, there will always be a fall. As the bank did not foresee such circumstances affecting the prices of property, hence continued with the high-risk-loans to everyone and anyone that applies for a grant to purchase a property. It all falls into place when rating agencies started lowering their rating standard to compete with their competitions due to favouritism of their own interests.

What are the Factors Associated with Family Violence essayEssay Writing Service

What are the Factors Associated with Family Violence essayEssay Writing Service What are the Factors Associated with Family Violence essay What are the Factors Associated with Family Violence essayThe theme of family violence is closely linked to the conjugal relationship. Family violence is illegal. Marriage certificate this is not a license for violence. Moreover, criminal law is applicable to a family member in the same way as to any person who commits violent acts. Thus, the paper explores the factors associated with family violence and other characteristics of family violence because in this age of emancipation, feminization, democratization and other revolutionary achievements, we still meet with the hard facts as family violence in our society.Violence in the domestic sphere can take many forms and there exist specific factors associated with family violence. Boys are often victims of sexual and physical aggression. Weak and elderly family members are equally vulnerable to domestic violence. It happens that husbands suffer from coercive actions of their wives. However, according to Abrams, Belknap Melton (2001), the vast majority (over 70%) of victims of violence occurring in the context of family or intimate relationships are women and girls. Such a pronounced gender character of violence in the family, according to the staff of crisis centers and human rights organizations, is based one the fact that women of the whole world are experiencing violence because of the fact that they are women. Unfortunately, family violence exists in all social groups, regardless of income, education and status in society. Thus, the main aim of the assignment is to explore the factors associated with family violence.Unfortunately, the issue of equality between men and women has not lost its relevance still. Therefore, an important cause of family violence is based on social factors, social norms and values. Very often one spouse holds the position of a head of the family, and it is important to this person to â€Å"properly† realize the own power and establish control in the family. For instance, one way to create dominance in the family is to create conditions for the dependence of one partner from another. These conditions are economic (funds contributed to the family income) and psychological (e.g., wife thinks that in the case of divorce, she will suffer the most, and sometimes a woman just does not want to leave her husband â€Å"alone† and endure constant humiliation out of pity for her husband).One of the main features of domestic violence is that it is systematically repeated actions; this factor of frequency distinguishes domestic violence from the conflict or quarrel. Conflict usually is based on some specific problem that can be solved. Domestic violence occurs with the purpose of gaining full power and control over the victim. In addition, the second fundamental difference between family violence, compounding to the ordinary violence is that the offender and the victim are close people. This distinguishes family violence from other crimes because family viol ence comes from a spouse or partner, former spouse, parents, children, other relatives, groom, etc. The third feature of family violence is a gender-based character. Most often the victims of family violence are women.Family violence occurs throughout the world, in different cultures, regardless of ethnicity and religion, and affects people regardless of economic status and position in society. Dutton and Kropp (2000) demonstrated the research on the basic factors associated with family violence and mentioned â€Å"some key factors that are the part of many risk factor lists: factors related to the history of assaultive behavior; generally antisocial behaviors and attitudes; stability of relationships; stability of employment; mental health and personality disorder; childhood abuse; motivation for treatment; attitudes toward women†. The experience of the crisis centers shows that the first stage of violence is conditioned by psychological violence in the family, and than it c an be complemented by various severity, physical actions, and in some time it can escalate into physical or sexual abuse.It is important to say that from a legal point of view, such forms as psychological and economic violence are not considered. However, these forms of family violence are paid much attention in psychology. All forms of violence can be combined with each other and over time abuse can become more violent and perverted. For instance, such a factor as a lack of social support from both the state and non-governmental organizations leaves the family alone with their problems. Chronic stressful situations cause the parent frustration and helplessness, affecting the psychological climate of the family. As a child depends on the parents, then it is a high risk for a child to become a victim of family violence.Violence is always accompanied by a deterioration of women’s health (mental and physical). According to Davies, Lyon Monti-Catania (1998), sharp deterioration in health is accompanied by the need to withdraw immediately from the husband. However, the woman can not leave her husband because of several reasons, which strengthens the internal psychological discomfort. Experience of working with abused women and recent studies show that family violence should be treated as a set of separate acts of violence in the dynamics. This dynamic is similar to the situation with the use of imprisonment, torture, threats, or situation of a terrorist act or the taking of hostages. The difference lies in the fact that such a situation occurring in the family is not always properly interpreted by society. So, many women consider that even if the door is not locked, escape is impossible.To conclude, we have explored the main factors associated with family violence and used some examples to illustrate the presented facts. Moreover, we have also mentioned that psychological abuse is present in almost all cases of family violence. The more the victim is psycho logically dependent on the aggressor, the more likely that in the future a person will be the object of physical violence. In addition, psychological abuse is often underestimated, and the offender is rarely brought to justice. But the consequences of such violence can be expressed in serious psychological and emotional trauma, psychosomatic disorders, social isolation, exacerbation of chronic diseases, stress, and depression. Thus, violence is always violence, regardless of its degree of cruelty and regardless of whether it is legalized in a certain way (as in the case of corporal punishment) or illegal (as in the case of cruelty to children or wife intimidation).

Simple Établir (to Establish) Conjugations in French

Simple Établir (to Establish) Conjugations in French The French verb  Ãƒ ©tablir  means to establish. This is a relatively easy one to remember because it resembles the English word and the conjugations arent terribly difficult, either. Conjugating the French Verb Établir Verb conjugations are required when we want to change the tense. In English, we add -ed or -ing to do this, but its more complex in French. Thats because theres a new verb ending for ​every subject pronoun as well as every tense. Établir  is a  regular -IR verb  and it follows the verb conjugation rules of similar verbs like  convertir  (to convert),  chà ©rir  (to cherish), and many others. This makes learning each new verb a little easier than the last. To conjugate these verbs, we must first recognize the verb stem. For  Ãƒ ©tablir, that is  Ãƒ ©tabl-.  Then we need to add the appropriate ending. For instance, I establish is jà ©tablis and we will establish is nous à ©tablirons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j tablis tablirai tablissais tu tablis tabliras tablissais il tablit tablira tablissait nous tablissons tablirons tablissions vous tablissez tablirez tablissiez ils tablissent tabliront tablissaient The Present Participle of Établir Adding -ant  to the verb stem of  Ãƒ ©tablir  creates the  present participle  of  Ãƒ ©tablissant. This is a verb, yet it can also be used as an adjective, gerund, or noun in certain circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The past tense established can be formed using either the imperfect or the  passà © composà ©. To construct the latter, begin with the subject pronoun, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match it, then add the past participle  Ãƒ ©tabli. It comes together quickly: I established is jai à ©tabli and we established is nous avons à ©tabli. You will notice that  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir  and that the past participle does not change. Apply these rules to other subjects as well. More Simple Établir  Conjugations Practicing all of the above forms of  Ãƒ ©tablir  should be the focus of your studies at first. When youre comfortable with those, consider adding the following to your vocabulary.  Even if you dont use them personally, its important to be able to recognize these and associate them with  Ãƒ ©tablir. When the act of establishing has some question or uncertainty to it, the subjunctive form or the conditional verb can be used. Its likely that you will only encounter the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive in formal writing.   Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j tablisse tablirais tablis tablisse tu tablisses tablirais tablis tablisses il tablisse tablirait tablit tablt nous tablissions tablirions tablmes tablissions vous tablissiez tabliriez tabltes tablissiez ils tablissent tabliriez tablirent tablissent For short statements that directly request or demand something to be established, use the imperative verb form. When doing so, the subject pronoun is not required: use à ©tablis rather than tu à ©tablis. Imperative (tu) tablis (nous) tablissons (vous) tablissez

Parenting stratagies in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parenting stratagies in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Families, or more specifically parents, have the greatest impact on children’s development and characters (Sanders, 2012). Methods of education differ according to differences in communities. Sumargurgi et al. (2013) studied an Indonesian community and they indicated that many Indonesian parents still use ineffective methods of dealing with their children, such as screaming. Developing countries tend to have high rates of behavioural and emotional problems in children (Mejia et al., 2012). My own philosophy about psychologists came from working in a parenting program in Saudi Arabia. It can be linked to Foucault’s philosophy, which focuses on parenting without using violence-based strategies because these are incompatible with learning. Some research is based on explaining the parenting methods used in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia and whether they using positive or negative strategies with children. A Saudi study indicated that 7% of parents were satisfied with their parenting performance and reported that did not need to know more about parenting techniques (â€Å"King Abdulaziz ...†, 2011). This essay aims to understand the parental methods used by Saudi parents with their children, to explain the education methods utilised by the Saudi community, and to identify whether those methods are effective or ineffective. It also assumes that there are differences in the parenting methods of Saudi parents, which are linked to Foucault’s concepts of an ethic of care, discipline and punishment, knowledge, governmentality, and pastoral power. An explanation is provided of how these concepts operate within my personal philosophy and professional philosophy of Altuwajery. From my perspective, Saudi families have strong relationships between children and parents, even after the children marry. There is a strong correlation at the relationship level between discipline and family cohesion. The relationship between Saudi families is closer than average

BU1010 Final Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BU1010 Final Assessment - Essay Example And as result today the Central and Eastern European block and the Baltic States are knocking at the doors of European Union (IMF, 2000). The centrally planned economies existed in Soviet Union. The problem in the central economies was its inability to generate wealth and raise the living standard. The production and distribution would come from central government, deciding for the states, what to produce and how to distribute in what quantities. The workforce was assumed to be fully employed and salary was predetermined, regardless of the potential of the worker (Greenspan, 1997). In these economies there was no effective market clearing mechanism, the result was huge surplus of unwanted goods by population on one side and shortage of goods, which were in needed. This imbalance in demand and supply led to rationing the quota, as the quantity of the goods was limited. As production and planning was followed through state orders rather than by market demand, the finance had no control over the actions that were remotely planned by the center without following the market rules (Greenspan, 1997). In such economies, there was nothing like credit, interest or market values, as every thing belonged to the state. Due to the lack of a developed financial system, these economies as a consequence wasted their resources as much as much five to seven times more than Western European economies, yet without any productive result, which led to the dismemberment of Soviet Union and the rest of Eastern Bloc in early 1990s (Greenspan, 1997). The macroeconomic stabilization process after initial burst of high inflation stabilizes the inflation and allows the liberalization to take place, which keeps a tight control over the state budget and growth of money allowing the growth of progressive fiscal system to develop. These economies had no financial

Ideal Education in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ideal Education in America - Essay Example Based on the paper, education represents one of the fundamental backbones of contemporary social organization. While there are many aspects of the ideal education in America, one of the most important aspects is that education function to aid an individual to discover what is inside of them. One of the important considerations in these regards was raised by education theorist Sydney Harris in her essay ‘What true education should do’. In this essay, Harris states, â€Å"genuine education†¦is not inserting the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the drawing out of what is in the mind† (Harris). This view of education considers that while ostensibly education is the process of learning this does not necessitate that the individual simply learns ‘things’. Instead, the ideal education must consider the process of education. Harris further notes, â€Å"The job of teaching is not to stuff them and the n seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us† (Harris). In this context of understanding, it’s clear that instead of simply educating the student in a series of objective facts as much of America education does, the ideal education must be a fluid process that considers the subjective perspectives and abilities of each student. This ideal education then aids the student in discovering their abilities and reaching their full potential. Another prominent aspect of the ideal education in America is that education develops creative and critical thinking skills. Within this context of understanding, one considers many aspects of the American educational system that fail to accomplish these elements. Uninspired teachers in all departments too frequently resort to strictly following proscribed curriculum measures and treating students as receptacles of knowledge.  

Did Hitler And The Nazis Improve Germany?

Did Hitler And The Nazis Improve Germany? Toxoplasmosis: Causes Symptoms and Treatment Toxoplasmosis: Causes Symptoms and Treatment Toxoplasmosis is an infection that pregnant females can get from a microscopic parasite. This parasite is called Toxoplasma gondii. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular eukaryotic pathogen of the phylum Apicomplexa may cause toxoplasmosis in many warm-blooded animals, including humans. Trans-placental passage of the parasite causes congenital toxoplasmosis. Transmission frequency and severity of disease vary with gestation time: during the first weeks, vertical transmission is of low rate, although if it occurs, it causes major damage to the embryo. The transmission frequency increases to near 80% by the end of pregnancy, but the proportion of ill new borns is low. The changes in endocrine phenomena occurring during pregnancy, as well as the size and maturity of the placenta and of the embryonic/fetal immune response certainly affect the ability to be protected from invasion or to fight infection. The size of the inoculum is also relevant for congenital infection risk and disease severity. Besides, the genetic background of the mother and the product is likely to influence outcome. Recent investigations have shown surprising phenomena; that is, molecules and cells that protect the mother might favor vertical transmission. Few direct data are available, but indirect evidence points to several candidate polymorphic host immune response genes that may influence fetal infection or clinical outcome of the product. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is considered as one of the most successful parasites in the world. This success is first illustrated by its worldwide distribution, from arctic to hot desert areas, including isolated islands and in cities. T. gondii is also among the most prevalent parasites in the global human population, with around one third of the population being infected. Finally, it is able to infect, or be present in, the highest number of host species: any warm-blooded animal may act as an intermediate host, and oocysts may be transported by invertebrates such as filtrating mussels and oysters. Beyond this ubiquitous distribution lies a fascinating transmission pattern: simply saying that T. gondii has a complex life cycle does not encompass all transmission routes and modes that can be used by the parasite to pass from definitive hosts (DHs), where sexual reproduction occurs, to intermediate hosts (IHs). The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“classicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  complex life cycle use s felids (domestic and wild-living cats) as DHs and their prey as IHs. Felids are infected by eating infected prey and host the sexual multiplication of the parasite. They excrete millions of oocysts that sporulate in the environment. Sporulated oocysts may survive during several years and may disperse through water movements, soil movements and micro fauna. Ingesting a single sporulated oocyst may be sufficient to infect an IH and begin the asexual reproduction phase. This classical life cycle thus relies on a prey-predator relationship and on environmental contamination, like other parasites, e.g., Echinococcus multilocularis. However, beside this classical cycle, T. gondii shows specific abilities that allow it to use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“complementaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  transmission routes. During the phase of asexual multiplication, tachyzoites may disseminate to virtually any organ within the IH, in particular to muscles, brain, placenta, udder and gonads. Asexual forms are then i nfectious to new hosts, thus direct infection among IH is possible by several routes which epidemiological importance has to be discussed: vertical transmission through the placenta, pseudo-vertical transmission through the milk, and sexual transmission through the sperm. In humans, T. gondii may also be transmitted during blood or organ transplant. Finally, the infectivity of asexual forms towards new IHs entails the ability for the parasite to be transmitted among IHs by carnivory. This transmission route is estimated to cause the majority of cases in humans, although people may also get contaminated by ingesting oocysts after a contact with contaminated soil, water, vegetables or cat litter. All the possible transmission routes among IH make the parasite able to maintain its life cycle, at least during a few generations, in the absence of DH and without environmental stage. Moreover, at a high dose, oocysts from the environment may also be infectious for DHs, thus the parasite ma y bypass the IH and use a DHs-environment cycle. The infectivity of oocysts towards cats is relatively low thus the importance of this cycle may be questioned. However, taken together, these observations suggest that T. gondii may theoretically have two distinct life cycles, one among IHs and the other one between DHs and environment. Moreover, in IHs, the infection of the brain results in several specific clinical manifestations, modifications of host behaviour and life history that influence transmission. As a result of its presence in the brain of IHs, T. gondii manipulates host behaviour in two ways, by specifically increasing attractiveness of cat odours to rodent IHs, thus favouring transmission from IH to DH, and by increasing the sexual attractiveness of infected males, which favours sexual transmission. These numerous capacities of transmission clearly allow T. gondii to be distributed worldwide. However, this does not mean that the risk of toxoplasmosis is identical everyw here. On the contrary, a highly structured pattern of infection can be demonstrated, for example by comparing the level of infection of different human populations. Signs and Symptoms Many patients have developed this disease but have had similar symptoms to those of flu or mononucleosis. These symptoms include body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, fever, fatigue and occasionally sore throats. When a female develops this disease prior to or during pregnancy there is about 30% chances that the infection can be passed unto the baby. The baby is at risk of contracting the disease mostly if a female becomes infected in the third trimester and least on the first trimester. Yet if the infection occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, the outcomes are more serious. Many pregnancies can result in stillbirth or miscarriage, and children who survive are born with seizures, enlarged liver or spleen, jaundice, anaemia, bruises and eye infections. A small number of babies that are born with the disease show signs of the disease at birth. Most of those infected develop signs and symptoms until they are on their teens or later. Also babies can develop serious problems suc h as hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, intellectual disabilities, motor and developmental delays, and hearing loss. Diagnostic Tests: When acute T. Gondii infection is suspected in pregnant women, toxoplasmosis is diagnosed on the basis of antibody detection. IgG and IgM antibody levels rise generally one to two weeks of infection. However when using the antibody detection it does not distinguish between whether the infection is recent or it was acquired in the distant past. When a woman is found to be infected, the second step is to determine if the baby or fetus is infected. PCR testing of amniotic fluid is used to diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis. Babies can be tested using amniocentesis or ultrasound scan. Treatment: Once diagnosed with Toxoplamosis a treatment with spiramycin (rovamycine) is initiated. If the fetus is confirmed through amniocentesis, the woman can switch to pyrimethamine (daraprim) and sulfadiazine after the first trimester. When women take pyrimethamine, accompanied with it is folinic acid (leucovorin). It protects the bone marrow from the suppressive effects of pyrimethamine. The drug is used to lessen the severity of the disease, but it does not undo previous damage done. Prevention: In order to prevent contracting this disease, pregnant woman should eat fully cooked meat. They should keep kitchen utensils sanitized by washing it with hot soapy water after having contact with raw meat; also they should wear gloves when gardening or touching soil, avoid changing cat litter pans, and be informed about prevention of toxoplasmosis.

Philosophy Statement :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Philosophy Statement Teaching is a job that will always be in high demand. I feel teaching is very important because the future depends on it. In this paper, I plan to tell my personal reasons for becoming a teacher, future goals, and my philosophical views on education. My main reasons for wanting to become a teacher are time with family and vacation time, working with students, teaching kids the importance of exercise, and intellectual matters. As a teacher, I will have a lot of time to spend with my family. Teachers have summers off, spring break, Christmas break, and some holidays. This will give me plenty of time to spend with my family. I would also have time to take long vacations and visit different regions of the United States. I will get to see my kids grow up into adults. Many people do not get this opportunity because they have to work year round. Having an opportunity to be with my family was an important decision in my wanting to become a teacher. Another reason for my wanting to become a teacher is working with students. As a teacher, I would like to have a positive influence and effect on the students I teach. For example, a good teacher may influence a student to go to college after high school. A teacher could also serve as a reference or help a student get a scholarship. As a teacher, I would be willing to do what it takes to help a student succeed. I feel I could develop moral character in the students I work with. I would also like to become a teacher in order to teach students the importance of exercise. I plan to major in physical education and minor in health, and I will gain certification in grades K-12. Many students do not realize the positive effects of exercise. As a teacher, I feel I could motivate students to exercise daily. It would feel great to know that students started an exercise program because of my teaching.

Psychology Genogram Essay

The paper will discuss reasons that motivation will be important while during service How do you define motivation? Most dictionaries define motivation as taking action or moving. Motivation to most people is the ability to go beyond self and push you to accomplish certain goals and desires. There must be a driving force that initiates certain behaviors when you define motivation. Motivation takes an inner resolve to make a change or to get something done in order to achieve it. There are different types of motivation that would define motivation in a broader way. A few that can be mentioned are self-motivation, achievement motivation, and attitude motivation. Self-motivation is what most people use to define motivation at its highest peak of accomplishments. If you are able to motivate yourself and reach your goals, you would have conquered the ability to be disciplined and will accomplish anything you put your mind to. The key to becoming self-motivated is persistence. Persistence is the ability to stay focused despite any challenges. It requires an inner resolve to step outside of self and find something from deep within that you may not have known was even there. Motivation is very important to all decisions that you have to make. Without the ability to define motivation and how you can make it work for you, then your life will be an endless drama of going around in circles. The following paper will discuss ways to motivation or to serve others and exploring reasons for service. Motivation helps you start. One of the first steps to success is simply to start. Unfortunately, it’s often not easy to start. The task may seem too big to handle. The difficulties may seem too many. Or perhaps you’re just plain lazy. Whatever it is, you need something to help you start and that is where your motivation comes into play. When you are motivated, you will naturally want to start. Starting doesn’t feel difficult because you want it. This way starting will feel effortless and you will be ahead of many people who find it difficult to even start.

A Chinese Cinderella – Autobiographi

In the autobiographical book â€Å"Chinese Cinderella†, the author, Adeline Yen Mah, goes through a lot of hardships and difficulties with her family and life in general. She is not treated as part of her Fathers family and is sent away to live in a boarding school away from them. Adeline’s relationship with her family is very distant and cold, she is unloved and unwanted. No one acknowledges her or shows any heed and sympathy towards her. This relationship is shown in line 28 when she asks ‘Where is everyone? As no one comes to greet her when she arrives home, showing how they are uncaring towards her and do not regard her as family, not even welcoming her arrival or asked if she would like anything. It is almost as if she is a stranger, even to her biological father and siblings who continue to play ‘by the swimming pool’, no one caring about her coming back home. In addition, she is not informed about her family moving home when she asks her Father ’s chauffeur in line 23 ‘Where are we? Her questions show her confusion and little knowledge on what has been happening at home pointing out that her family have not even bothered to write to her. Her other siblings and stepmother are ignorant to her arrival as if she is a stranger and worthless. Being sent to boarding school points out even more that they do not want anything to do with her and would rather not see her because to them she is nothing.Adeline knows this herself as when Ma-mien Valentino calls her to tell her that her ‘chauffeur is waiting to take her home’ she thinks that someone has died because the last time she was called home it was only due to this reason and she begins to fear what might have happened. When she arrives the servants use a rude tone and do not care for her as much as they would for her stepsiblings showing the unfairness, even her father using a commanding tone when he meets his daughter after so long not even welcoming her but orders her to ‘Sit down’ instead.Her father does not regard her as his own daughter but uses her to improve his status with her achievements so when her father speaks to her she becomes timid and afraid, not trusting him when he shows her a little kindness, pointing out the distant relationship between Adeline and her family. Adeline’s character is somewhat cautious she doesn’t trust people too quickly, especially when it comes to the kindness from her family members as she is wary that they are playing a trick on her to make her feel miserable like they did all her life. Although she is not treated well by her family, she s clearly educated and this is shown when she wins a competition and quotes a poem to show her happiness. However, she is modest and keeps her happiness and excitement hidden, showing her timid and humble personality when she comes across her father and hiding what she feels even though it proved to be difficult but because she i s clever and knows her father too well she did not want to miss the one chance she would have in a life time. She respects her father’s wishes as she would do anything to leave the place where she is unwanted though her strong personality keeps her distress that she suffered for years at bay.